![]() ![]() Quantum theory redeems black holes from being the greedy monsters they are made out to be. The danger starts when this theory interacts with the wild world of quantum mechanics. In fact, it is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity. The one-way nature of this boundary is not immediately problematic. ![]() Unless a thing travels faster than light-a physical impossibility-it cannot escape from behind the event horizon it is irretrievably stuck inside the black hole. It is the outermost point from which light barely avoids falling into the singularity. There is a fine line within the collapsing region that divides the area where escape is possible from the point of no return. These tidal forces run to infinity in finite time, marking the abrupt end of an entire region of spacetime at the so-called black hole singularity-the place where time stops and space ceases to make sense. They are formed when enough matter is confined within a small enough region that spacetime collapses in on itself in a violent feedback loop of squeezing and stretching that fuels more squeezing and stretching. Nothing seems more hopeless than trying to get out of a black hole-in fact, this impossibility is what defines black holes. To understand how we arrived at these new ideas, we must begin with the inescapable nature of black holes. The resolution is based on a new understanding of spacetime and how it can be rewired through quantum entanglement, which leads to the idea that part of the inside of a black hole, the so-called island, is secretly on the outside. This remained an open problem for almost 50 years, but the pieces started falling into place in 2019 through research that I was involved in. ![]() During the process, information about what fell into the black hole is apparently lost, violating a sacred principle of physics. Hawking showed that a black hole can evaporate, gradually transforming itself and anything it consumes into a featureless cloud of radiation. Theoretical physics has been in crisis mode ever since 1974, when Stephen Hawking argued that black holes destroy information. ![]()
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